The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racism in professional rugby brought his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just accept the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but stated it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant focus on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022